Eye infection

Eye infections, often overlooked but essential to treat, can affect visual health and eye comfort

Ocular infections can result in various types of pathology affecting different parts of the eye. Conjunctivitis, characterized by inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye, is among the most common¹⁻². Keratitis, affecting the cornea, can result from bacterial, viral or fungal infection, leading to severe symptoms such as eye pain and blurred vision³⁻⁴. Uveitis, affecting the middle layer of the eye, is often associated with severe inflammation²⁻⁵. Eyelid infections such as styes are also common⁶.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis


Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “red eye”, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the white surface of the eye. Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by discharges of purulent secretions in addition to signs of inflammation of the conjunctiva (red but not painful eye). 

Bacterial conjunctivitis is also contagious and requires strict hygiene measures¹⁻³: 

  • Hand washing before and after touching the eye or instilling antiseptic/antibiotic eye drops or washing solution.
     
  • Thorough cleansing.
     
  • Avoid contact with children and people with fragile eyes.
     

The doctor might prescribe an antiseptic eye drops or a local antibiotic to help eliminate the bacteria responsible for the infection¹⁻⁷. 
There are also forms of conjunctivitis in newborns, most often contracted during delivery. This pathology requires specific management in a suitable environment. Conjunctivitis is common in children but can evolve favorably with antiseptic or antibiotic treatment⁷.

Viral conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis usually affects both eyes. 

It is easy to spread the virus from one eye to the other¹. That's why it's essential to limit eye rubbing and be careful not to use the same single-dose or tissue from one eye to the other. 

Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include red, swollen, watery eyes, eyelids that may or may not be stuck together when you wake up in the morning, and a swollen ganglion in front of the ear. Treatment of viral conjunctivitis involves hygiene measures such as systematic hand-washing and avoiding hand-eye contact.¹⁻³

Infectious keratitis

Infectious keratitis

Infectious keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, the transparent surface of the eye, usually caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infection². 

Symptoms include intense eye pain, blurred vision, increased sensitivity to light, and sometimes eye secretions⁴. 

In the event of infectious keratitis, it is essential to consult an ophthalmologist as soon as possible for an accurate diagnosis. 

Treatment varies according to the infectious agent, often involving the use of antibiotics or antivirals²⁻⁴. Early treatment is crucial to prevent potential complications and ensure recovery. 

Uveitis

Uveitis

Uveitis is an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, called the uvea, comprising the iris, ciliary body and choroid. This condition can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases or ocular trauma²⁻⁵. 

Symptoms of uveitis include blurred vision, sensitivity to light, eye pain and sometimes redness¹⁻². 

Treatment of uveitis involves the use of corticosteroids in the form of eye drops or anti-inflammatory drugs⁵ but may also include antibiotic or antiviral treatment in the case of infections². 

Prompt intervention by a healthcare professional is crucial to prevent serious complications, ensuring effective management of uveitis and maintenance of optimal ocular health.

Stye

Stye

A stye is a bacterial infection of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid, causing an obstruction of the eyelid, not to be confused with a chalazion - a condition in which the glands are also obstructed, but for a non-infectious cause. 

Treatment of styes is mainly based on eyelid hygiene and the use of warm cleansing compresses, but systemic antibiotic treatment and/or draining surgical incision may be necessary in the event of complications⁶. 

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